Profile
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Volume 3 (2016), Article ID 3:IJPSR-116, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.15344/2394-1502/2016/116
Original Article
Analysis of Recurrent Stroke Volume between VKA (Vitamin K Antagonist) and Three NOACs (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants) under Oral Anticoagulant Therapy

Hiroaki Oguro1*, Ryo Mizuhara1, Satoshi Abe1, Hiroyuki Takayoshi1, Shingo Mitaki1, Keiichi Onoda1, Atsushi Nagai2 and Shuhei Yamaguchi1

1Department of Neurology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, 1060 Nishikawatsucho, Matsue, Shimane Prefecture 690-8504, Japan
2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, 1060 Nishikawatsucho, Matsue, Shimane Prefecture 690-8504, Japan
Prof. Hiroaki Oguro, Department of Neurology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo city, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; E-mail: oguro@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
01 November 2016; 10 December 2016; 12 December 2016
Oguro H, Mizuhara R, Abe S, Takayoshi H, Mitaki S, et al. (2016) Analysis of Recurrent Stroke Volume between VKA (Vitamin K Antagonist) and Three NOACs (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants) under Oral Anticoagulant Therapy. Int J Pharma Sci Res 3: 116. doi: https://doi. org/10.15344/2394-1502/2016/116

References

  1. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, et al. (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361: 1139-1151. View
  2. Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, et al. (2013) Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 369: 2093-2104. View
  3. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, et al. (2011) Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365: 981-992. View
  4. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, et al. (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365: 883-891. View
  5. Cameron C, Coyle D, Richter T, Kelly S, Gauthier K, et al. (2014) Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing antithrombotic agents for the prevention of stroke and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. BMJ Open 4: e004301. View
  6. Saji N, Kimura K, Aoki J, Uemura J, Sakamoto Y (2015) Intracranial Hemorrhage Caused by Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs)- Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan. Circ J 79: 1018-1023. View
  7. Hagii J, Tomita H, Metoki N, Saito S, Shiroto H, et al. (2014) Characteristics of intracerebral hemorrhage during rivaroxaban treatment: comparison with those during warfarin. Stroke 45: 2805-2807. View
  8. Hankey GJ1 (2014) Intracranial hemorrhage and novel anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation: what have we learned? Curr Cardiol Rep 16: 480. View
  9. Wilson D, Charidimou A, Shakeshaft C, Ambler G, White M, et al. (2016) Volume and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage according to oral anticoagulant type. Neurology 86: 360-366. View
  10. Satou Y, Oguro H, Murakami Y, Onoda K, Mitaki S, et al. (2013) Gastroesophageal reflux during enteral feeding in stroke patients: a 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 22: 185-189. View
  11. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, et al. (2001) Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 285: 2864-2870. View
  12. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ (2010) Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 137: 263-272. View
  13. JCS Joint Working Group (2014) Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy of Atrial Fibrillation (JCS 2013). Circ J 78: 1997-2021. View
  14. Saji N, Kimura K, Tateishi Y, Fujimoto S, Kaneko N, et al. (2016) Safety and efficacy of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant treatment compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who develop acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a multicenter prospective cohort study (daVinci study). J Thromb Thrombolysis 42: 453-462. View
  15. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, et al. (2010) A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 138: 1093-1100. View
  16. Toyoda K, Arihiro S, Todo K, Yamagami H, Kimura K, et al. (2015) Trends in oral anticoagulant choice for acute stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in Japan: the SAMURAI-NVAF study. Int J Stroke 10: 836-842. View
  17. Fujimoto Y, Kajikawa R, Izutsu N, Hirayama R, Nagashima M, et al. (2016) Choice behavior of attending physicians toward oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention of cardiogenic cerebral embolism. Jpn J Stroke 38: 239-244. View
  18. Lopes RD, Al-Khatib SM, Wallentin L, Yang H, Ansell J, et al. (2012) Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to patient risk of stroke and of bleeding in atrial fibrillation: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 380: 1749-1758. View
  19. Princeton NJ (2014) Eliquis (apixaban tablets).
  20. Raghavan N, Frost CE, Yu Z, He K, Zhang H, et al. (2009) Apixaban metabolism and pharmacokinetics after oral administration to humans. Drug Metab Dispos 37: 74-81. View
  21. Zhang D, Charles E, Frost CE, He K, Rodrigues AD, et al. (2013) Investigating the enteroenteric recirculation of apixaban, a factor Xa Inhibitor: Administration of activated charcoal to bile duct-cannulated rats and dogs receiving an intravenous dose and use of drug transporter knockout rats. Drug Metab Dispos 41: 906-915. View
  22. Matsumoto M, Okazaki S, Sakaguchi M, Ohara N, Furukado S, et al. (2011) Preadmission therapeutic anticoagulation reduces cerebral infarct volume in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Neurol 66: 277-282. View
  23. Ay H, Arsava EM, Gungor L, Greer D, Singhal AB, et al. (2008) Admission international normalized ratio and acute infarct volume in ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 64: 499-506. View
  24. Kono S, Yamashita T, Deguchi K, Omote Y, Yunoki T, et al. (2014) Rivaroxaban and apixaban reduce hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis by protection of neurovascular unit in rat. Stroke 45: 2404- 2410. View
  25. Tsuji K, Aoki T, Tejima E, Arai K, Lee SR, Atochin DN, et al. (2005) Tissue plasminogen activator promotes matrix metalloproteinase-9 upregulation after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 36: 1954-1959. View
  26. Nakamura A, Kuroda J, Ago T, Hata J, Matsuo R, et al. (2016) Causes of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. Cerebrovasc Dis 42: 196-204. View
  27. Gladstone DJ, Bui E, Fang J, Laupacis A, Lindsay MP, et al. (2009) Potentially preventable strokes in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation who are not adequately anticoagulated. Stroke 40: 235-240. View
  28. Varin R, Mirshahi S, Mirshahi P, Klein C, Jamshedov J, et al. (2013) Whole blood clots are more resistant to lysis than plasma clots--greater efficacy of rivaroxaban. Thromb Res 131: e100-109. View