International Journal of Clinical Research & Trials Volume 5 (2020), Article ID 5:IJCRT-146, 5 pages
https://doi.org/10.15344/2456-8007/2020/146
https://doi.org/10.15344/2456-8007/2020/146
Review Article
Hypothyroidism and Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathogenetic Mechanisms & Therapeutic Rationale
References
- Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey Jr D, et al. (2013) 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 62: 147-239. View
- Biondi B (2012) Mechanisms in endocrinology: Heart failure and thyroid dysfunction. Eur J Endocrinol 167: 609-618. View
- Gerdes AM, Iervasi G (2010) Thyroid replacement therapy and heart failure. Circulation 122: 385-393. View
- Rodondi N, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Cornuz J, Robbins J, et al. (2008) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health study. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1152-1159. View
- Vanderpump MP (2011) The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull 99: 39-51. View
- Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, et al. (1997) The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 7: 481-493. View
- Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC (2000) The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 160: 526-534. View
- Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, et al. (2007) Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002). Thyroid 17: 1211-1223. View
- Parle JV, Franklyn JA, Cross KW, Jones SC, Sheppard MC, et al. (1991) Prevalence and follow-up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 34: 77-83. View
- Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, et al. (2005) ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 112: 154-235. View
- Cowie MR, Mosterd A, Wood DA, Deckers JW, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. (1997) The epidemiology of heart failure. Eur Heart J 18: 208-225. View
- Roth GA, Forouzanfar MH, Moran AE, Barber R, Nguyen G, et al. (2015) Demographic and epidemiologic drivers of global cardiovascular mortality. N Engl J Med 372: 1333-1341. View
- Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, et al. (2002) Longterm trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Engl J Med 347: 1397-1402. View
- Gerber Y, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Chamberlain AM, Manemann SM, et al. (2015) A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med 175: 996-1004. View
- Bahrami H, Kronmal R, Bluemke DA, Olson J, Shea S, et al. (2008) Differences in the incidence of congestive heart failure by ethnicity: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Arch Intern Med 168: 2138-2145. View
- Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, et al. (2009) 2009 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 53: 1-90. View
- Galli E, Pingitore A, Iervasi G (2010) The role of thyroid hormone in the pathophysiology of heart failure: clinical evidence. Heart Fail Rev 15: 155- 169. View
- Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Godoy B, Suzuki T, Banach M, von Haehling S, et al. (2019) Subclinical hypothyroidism and the development of heart failure: an overview of risk and effects on cardiac function. Clin Res Cardiol 108: 225-233. View
- Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B, Berry MJ, Larsen PR, et al. (2002) Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev 23: 38-89. View
- Klein I, Danzi S (2007) Thyroid disease and the heart. Circulation 116: 1725- 1735. View
- Fazio S, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Biondi B (2004) Effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system. Recent Prog Horm Res 59: 31-50. View
- Liu Y, Xia X, Fondell JD, Yen PM (2006) Thyroid hormone-regulated target genes have distinct patterns of coactivator recruitment and histone acetylation. Mol Endocrinol 20: 483-490. View
- Davis PJ, Leonard JL, Davis FB (2008) Mechanisms of nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone. Front Neuroendocrinol 29: 211-218. View
- Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, Baughman KL, Ray PE, Feldman AM, et al. (1992) Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 5251-5255. View
- Taddei S, Caraccio N, Virdis A, Dardano A, Versari D, et al. (2003) Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in subclinical hypothyroidism: beneficial effect of levothyroxine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 3731- 3737. View
- Klein I, Ojamaa K (2001) Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 344: 501-509. View
- Ojamaa K, Klemperer JD, Klein I (1996) Acute effects of thyroid hormone on vascular smooth muscle. Thyroid 6: 505-512. View
- Ojamaa K, Sabet A, Kenessey A, Shenoy R, Klein I, et al. (1999) Regulation of rat cardiac Kv1.5 gene expression by thyroid hormone is rapid and chamber specific. Endocrinology 140: 3170-3176. View
- Gick GG, Melikian J, Ismail-Beigi F (1990) Thyroidal enhancement of rat myocardial Na, K-ATPase: preferential expression of alpha 2 activity and mRNA abundance. J Membr Biol 115: 273-282. View
- Kandan SR, Saha M (2012) Severe primary hypothyroidism presenting with torsades de pointes. BMJ Case Rep. View
- Liu Z, Gerdes AM (1990) Influence of hypothyroidism and the reversal of hypothyroidism on hemodynamics and cell size in the adult rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 22: 1339-1348. View
- Udovcic M, Pena RH, Patham B, Tabatabai L, Kansara A, et al. (2017) Hypothyroidism and the Heart. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 13: 55-59. View
- Khochtali I, Hamza N, Harzallah O, Hamdi S, Saad J, et al. (2011) Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy caused by hypothyroidism. Int Arch Med 4: 20. View
- Somwaru LL, Arnold AM, Joshi N, Fried LP, Cappola AR, et al. (2009) High frequency of and factors associated with thyroid hormone overreplacement and under-replacement in men and women aged 65 and over. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 1342-1345. View
- Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold AM, Danese MD, Kuller LH, et al. (2006) Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 295: 1033-1041. View
- Vargas-Uricoechea H, Bonelo-Perdomo A (2017) Thyroid Dysfunction and Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Associations. Curr Heart Fail Rep 14: 48-58. View
- Gerdes AM (2015) Restoration of thyroid hormone balance: a game changer in the treatment of heart failure? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 308: 1-10. View
- Rodondi N, Newman AB, Vittinghoff E, Rekeneire N, Satterfield S, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch Intern Med 165: 2460-2466. View
- Nanchen D, Gussekloo J, Westendorp RG, Stott DJ, Jukema JW, et al. (2012) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure in older persons at high cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: 852-861. View
- Adrees M, Gibney J, El-Saeity N, Boran G (2009) Effects of 18 months of L-T4 replacement in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71: 298-303. View
- Fadeyev VV, Sytch J, Kalashnikov V, Rojtman A, Syrkin A, et al. (2006) Levothyroxine replacement therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and coronary artery disease. Endocr Pract 12: 5-17. View
- Pearce SH, Brabant G, Duntas LH, Monzani F, Peeters RP, et al. (2013) 2013 ETA Guideline: Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2: 215-228. View
- Biondi B, Fazio S, Palmieri EA, Carella C, Panza N, et al. (1999) Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 2064-2067. View
- Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, et al. (2000) Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 132: 270-278. View
- Redford C, Vaidya B (2017) Subclinical hypothyroidism: Should we treat? Post Reprod Health 23: 55-62. View
- Baumgartner C, Blum MR, Rodondi N (2014) Subclinical hypothyroidism: summary of evidence in 2014. Swiss Med Wkly 144: 14058. View
- Jabbar A, Pingitore A, Pearce SH, Zaman A, Iervasi G, et al. (2017) Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 14: 39-55. View