https://doi.org/10.15344/2455-2364/2016/118
Abstract
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has gained increased popularity in the neonatal intensive care unit, because it is less likely to cause the short and long-term pulmonary complications associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. There are now number of NIV strategies available for the routine respiratory care of preterm infants including nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), nasal high frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFO) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). These strategies are often used in combination with less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and methylxanthines to augment respiratory drive. This review describes these various modes of NIV evaluating their impact on neonatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants.