International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis Volume 7 (2021), Article ID 7:IJPBA-175, 5 pages
https://doi.org/10.15344/2455-3867/2021/175
https://doi.org/10.15344/2455-3867/2021/175
Original Article
The Effect of Cognitive Dissonance on Perceptions of Emotion
References
- Conley D (2017) You may ask yourself: An introduction to thinking like a sociologist (5th ed.). WW Norton & Company.
- Berkowitz AD (2003) Applications of social norms theory to other health and social justice issues. The social norms approach to preventing school and college age substance abuse: A handbook for educators, counselors, and clinicians. [Google Scholar]
- Gross JJ, John OP (2003) Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 85: 348-362. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Flynn JJ, Hollenstein T, Mackey A (2010) The effect of suppressing and not acceptingemotions on depressive symptoms: Is suppression different for men and women?. Personality and Individual Differences 49: 582-586. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Vogel DL, Heimerdinger-Edwards SR, Hammer JH, Hubbard A (2011) “Boys don't cry”: Examination of the links between endorsement of masculine norms, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes for men from diverse backgrounds. J Couns Psychol 58: 368-382. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Festinger L (1962) A theory of cognitive dissonance (Vol. 2). Stanford university press.
- Prasad J (1950) A comparative study of rumours and reports in earthquakes. British Journal of Psychology. General Section 41: 129-144. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Festinger L, Carlsmith JM (1959) Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. J Abnorm Psychol 58: 203-210. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Festinger L, Riecken H, Schachter S (1956) When prophecy fails: A social and psychological study of a modern group that predicted the destruction of the world. Lulu Press, Inc.
- Auerbach Y (1986) Turning-point decisions: A cognitive-dissonance analysis of conflict reduction in Israel-West German relations. Political Psychology 7: 533-550. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Beasley RK, Joslyn MR (2001) Cognitive dissonance and post‐decision attitude change in six presidential elections. Political psychology 22: 521-540. [Google Scholar]
- Axsom D, Cooper J (1985) Cognitive dissonance and psychotherapy: The role of effort justification in inducing weight loss. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 21: 149-160. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Benozio A, Diesendruck G (2015) From effort to value: Preschool children’s alternative to effort justification. Psychol Sci 26: 1423-1429. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Bullens L, van Harreveld F, Förster J, van der Pligt J (2013) Reversible decisions: The grass isn't merely greener on the other side; it's also very brown over here. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49: 1093-1099. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Frenkel OJ, Doob AN (1976) Post-decision dissonance at the polling booth. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 8: 347-350. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Levy N, Harmon-Jones C, Harmon-Jones E (2018) Dissonance and discomfort: Does a simple cognitive inconsistency evoke a negative affective state? Motivation Science 4: 95-108. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Harmon-Jones E, Peterson H, Vaughn K (2003) The dissonance-inducing effects of an inconsistency between experienced empathy and knowledge of past failures to help: Support for the action-based model of dissonance. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 25: 69-78. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Nolan J, Nail P (2014) Further Evidence That Individuals With a High Preference for Consistency Are More Susceptible to Cognitive Dissonance. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research. [Google Scholar]
- Hoshino‐Browne E (2012) Cultural Variations in Motivation for Cognitive Consistency: Influences of Self‐Systems on Cognitive Dissonance. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 6: 126-141. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Heine SJ, Lehman DR (1997) Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23: 389-400. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Ekman P, Friesen WV (1969) The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usage, and coding. Nonverbal communication, interaction, and gesture. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Josephs IE (1994) Display rule behavior and understanding in preschool children. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 18: 301-326. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Jones DC, Abbey BB, Cumberland A (1998) The development of display rule knowledge: Linkages with family expressiveness and social competence. Child development 69: 1209-1222. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Yagil D (2015) Display rules for kindness: Outcomes of suppressing benevolent emotions. Motivation and Emotion 39: 156-166. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Walsh G (2019) Service employees’ naturally felt emotions: Do they matter?. European Management Journal 37: 78-85. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Matsumoto D, Takeuchi S, Andayani S, Kouznetsova N, Krupp D, et al. (1998) The contribution of individualism vs. collectivism to cross‐national differences in display rules. Asian journal of social psychology 1: 147-165. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Diefendorff JM, Richard EM, Croyle MH (2006) Are emotional display rules formal job requirements? Examination of employee and supervisor perceptions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 79: 273-298. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Moran CM, Diefendorff JM, Greguras GJ (2013) Understanding emotional display rules at work and outside of work: The effects of country and gender. Motivation and Emotion 37: 323-334. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Santiago-Menendez M, Campbell A (2013) Sadness and anger: Boys, girls, and crying in adolescence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 14: 400-410. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- McRae K, Ochsner KN, Mauss IB, Gabrieli JJ, Gross JJ, et al. (2008) Gender differences in emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal. Group Process Intergroup Relat 11: 143-162. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Karnilowicz HR, Waters SF, Mendes WB (2019) Not in front of the kids: Effects of parental suppression on socialization behaviors during cooperative parent-child interactions. Emotion 19: 1183-1191. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lockwood PL, Seara-Cardoso A, Viding E (2014) Emotion regulation moderates the association between empathy and prosocial behavior. PloS one 9: e96555. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Hodges SD, Klein KJ (2001) Regulating the costs of empathy: the price of being human. The Journal of socio-economics 30: 437-452. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- Cameron CD, Hutcherson CA, Ferguson AM, Scheffer JA, Hadjiandreou E, et al. (2019) Empathy is hard work: People choose to avoid empathy because of its cognitive costs. J Exp Psychol Gen 148: 962-976. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Schlegel K, Scherer KR (2016) Introducing a short version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT-S): Psychometric properties and construct validation. Behav Res Methods 48: 1383-1392. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Shamay-Tsoory SG, Aharon-Peretz J, Perry D (2009) Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain 132: 617-627. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Rawls J (1971) A theory of justice. Rawls. The Belknap.
- Schlegel K, Grandjean D, Scherer KR (2014) Introducing the Geneva emotion recognition test: an example of Rasch-based test development. Psychol Assess 26: 666-672. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]