Profile
International Journal of Diabetes & Clinical Diagnosis Volume 1 (2014), Article ID 1:IJDCD-107, 9 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.15344/2394-1499/2014/107
Research Article
Effects of Epalrestat as Aldose Reductase Inhibitor (ARI), Sitagliptin as Incretin-Based Therapy (IBT), or Combined Epalrestat and Sitagliptin on Cardiac Vagal Neuropathy (CVN) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus

Kyuzi Kamoi1-4* and Hideo Sasaki5,6

1The Center of Diabetes and Endocrine & Metabolism Disease, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2085, Japan
2Mitsuke City Hospital, Mitsuke, Niigata 954-0052, Japan
3Ojiya General Hospital, Ojiya, Niigata 947-8601, Japan
4Former Professor of University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan
5Emeritus Professors, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
6Diabetes Clinic, Kuriyama Central Hospital, Yotukaido, Chiba 286-0027, Japan
Dr. Kyuzi Kamoi, Department of Medicine, Joetsu General Hospital, Joetsu, Niigata 943-8502, Japan; E-mail: kkam-int@echigo.ne.jp
26 September 2014; 11 November 2014; 13 November 2014
Kamoi K, Sasaki H (2014) Effects of Epalrestat as Aldose Reductase Inhibitor (ARI), Sitagliptin as Incretin-Based Therapy (IBT), or Combined Epalrestat and Sitagliptin on Cardiac Vagal Neuropathy (CVN) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus. Int J Diabetes Clin Diagn 1: 107. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15344/2394-1499/2014/107

References

  1. Boulton AJ, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC, Bril V, Feldman EL, et al. (2005) Diabetic neuropathies: a statement by the American Diabetes Association. View
  2. Maser RE, Lenhard MJ (2005) Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy due to diabetes mellitus: clinical manifestations, consequences, and treatment. View
  3. Vinik AI, Ziegler D (2007) Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. View
  4. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, et al. (2010) Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. View
  5. American Diabetes Association (2014) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 37: S14-S80. View
  6. Dimitropoulos G, Tahrani AA, Stevens MJ (2014) Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. View
  7. Ikeda T, Iwata K, Tanaka Y (1999) Long-term effect of epalrestat on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. View
  8. Okamoto H, Nomura M, Nakaya Y, Uehara K, Saito K, et al. (2003) Effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic neuropathy and gastroparesis. View
  9. Johnson BF, Nesto RW, Pfeifer MA, Slater WR, Vinik AI, et al. (2004) Cardiac abnormalities in diabetic patients with neuropathy: effects of aldose reductase inhibitor administration. View
  10. Hu X, Li S, Yang G, Liu H, Boden G, et al. (2014) Efficacy and safety of aldose reductase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. View
  11. Lovshin JA, Drucker DJ (2009) Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. View
  12. Perry T, Lahiri DK, Chen D, Zhou J, Shaw KT, et al. (2002) A novel neurotrophic property of glucagon-like peptide 1: a promoter of nerve growth factor-mediated differentiation in PC12 cells. View
  13. Perry T, Holloway HW, Weerasuriya A, Mouton PR, Duffy K, et al. (2007) Evidence of GLP-1-mediated neuroprotection in an animal model of pyridoxine-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. View
  14. Belsham DD, Fick LJ, Dalvi PS, Centeno ML, Chalmers JA, et al. (2009) Ciliary neurotrophic factor recruitment of glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates neurogenesis, allowing immortalization of adult murine hypothalamic neurons. View
  15. Jin HY, Liu WJ, Park JH, Baek HS, Park TS (2009) Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor (Vildagliptin) on peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. View
  16. Davidson EP, Coppey LJ, Dake B, Yorek MA (2011) Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with alogliptin: effect on vascular and neural complications. View
  17. Jolivalt CG, Fineman M, Deacon CF, Carr RD, Calcutt NA (2011) GLP- 1 signals via ERK in peripheral nerve and prevents nerve dysfunction in diabetic mice. View
  18. Himeno T, Kamiya H, Naruse K, Harada N, Ozaki N, et al. (2011) Beneficial effects of exendin-4 on experimental polyneuropathy in diabetic mice. View
  19. Liu WJ, Jin HY, Lee KA, Xie SH, Baek HS, et al. (2011) Neuroprotective effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, synthetic exendin-4, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. View
  20. Paratore S, Ciotti MT, Basille M, Vaudry D, Gentile A, et al. (2011) Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and its receptor are expressed in the central nervous system and support neuronal survival. View
  21. Reith C, Landray M, Devereaux PJ, Bosch J, Granger CB, et al. (2013) Randomized clinical trials--removing unnecessary obstacles. View
  22. World Health Organization (1999) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: Department of Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance. View
  23. Seino Y, Nanjo K, Tajima N, Kadowaki T, Kashiwagi A, et al. (2001) Report of the Committee n the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Int 1: 2-20. View
  24. Kamoi K, Takeda K, Hashimoto K, Tanaka R, Okuyama S (2013) Identifying risk factors for clinically significant diabetic macula edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. View
  25. Kamoi K, Shinozaki Y, Furukawa K, Sasaki H (2011) Decreased active GLP-1 response following large test meal in patients with type 1 diabetes using bolus insulin analogues. View
  26. Kamoi K, Ohara N, Ikarashi T, Shinozaki Y, Furukawa K, et al. (2011) Normal response of active GLP-1 level like substances to test meal in nonobese type 2 diabetic Japanese patients with complications and receiving treatments. J Diabetes Metab 2: 147-151. View
  27. Kamoi K, Ohara N, Ikarashi T, Shinozaki Y, Furukawa K, et al. (2012) Response of low active GLP-1 like substances to test meal in obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with obese controls with normal glucose tolerance. J Diabetes Mellitus 2: 265-271. View
  28. Kamoi K, Inoue K, Kontai Y, Sasaki H (2014) Effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on energy and content of dietary intake in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Hum Nutr Food Sci 2: 1029-1035. View
  29. Keresztes K, Istenes I, Hermanyi Z, Vargha P, Barna I, et al. (2003) Risk factors of autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. View
  30. Hsu WC, Yen AM, Liou HH, Wang HC, Chen TH (2009) Prevalence and risk factors of somatic and autonomic neuropathy in prediabetic and diabetic patients. View
  31. Kamoi K, Miyakoshi M, Soda S, Kaneko S, Nakagawa O (2002) Usefulness of home blood pressure measurement in the morning in type 2 diabetic patients. View
  32. Kamoi K, Imamura S, Kobayashi T (2003) Usefulness of home blood pressure measurement in the morning in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 26: 2218-2223. View
  33. Ogihara T, Kikuchi K, Matsuoka H, Fujita T, Higaki J, et al. (2009) The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2009). View
  34. Yerram P, Whaley-Connell A (2012) Novel role for the incretins in blood pressure regulation. View
  35. Tawk M, Makoukji J, Belle M, Fonte C, Trousson A, et al. (2011) Wnt/betacatenin signaling is an essential and direct driver of myelin gene expression and myelinogenesis. View
  36. Chiang YT, Ip W, Jin T (2012) The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in incretin hormone production and function. View
  37. Sumner CJ, Sheth S, Griffin JW, Cornblath DR, Polydefkis M (2003) The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. View
  38. Bianchi R, Cervellini I, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Oggioni N, Burkey B, et al. (2012) Beneficial effects of PKF275-055, a novel, selective, orally bioavailable, long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in streptozotocininduced diabetic peripheral neuropathy. View
  39. Kan M, Guo G, Singh B, Singh V, Zochodne DW (2012) Glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin, sensory neurons, and diabetic neuropathy. View
  40. Stavniichuk R, Shevalye H, Hirooka H, Nadler JL, Obrosova IG (2012) Interplay of sorbitol pathway of glucose metabolism, 12/15-lipoxygenase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. View
  41. Gault VA, Harriott P, Flatt PR, O'Harte FP (2002) Cyclic AMP production and insulin releasing activity of synthetic fragment peptides of glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide. View
  42. Hotta N, Akanuma Y, Kawamori R, Matsuoka K, Oka Y, et al. (2006) ADCT Study Group (2006) Long-term clinical effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The 3-year, multicenter, comparative aldose reductase inhibitor-diabetes complications trial. Diabetes Care 29: 1538-1544. View
  43. Kazakos KA, Sarafidis PA, Yovos JG (2008) The impact of diabetic autonomic neuropathy on the incretin effect. View