| Function | Beam or Column |
| Constraints | Length L specified |
| Strength: must not fail under design loads | |
| Buckling: must not buckle under design loads | |
| Must not fracture if accidentally struck | |
| Must support at least 10% of a person’s total weight | |
| Objectives | Minimize cost, C |
| Free variables | Diameter of column |
| Choice of material |