Figure 9: Hierarchical processing dynamics in the autonomic nervous system. This shows how at the base of the hierarchy we are informed by sensation especially in respect of the twelve cranial nerves. Then we develop sense perception, which integrate with movement impulses and emotions. Provided the appraisal of threat ensures a safe environment we develop recognitions and ultimately make meaning from the experience. Eventually with sufficient time for reflection we can develop insight and wisdom. These ideas are fully explored in my book: The Art of BART: Bilateral Affective Reprocessing of Thoughts as a dynamic model for psychotherapy (O’Malley).