| Theme | Sub-theme |
| Inconsistency and uncertainty in course expectations | -resource accessibility -ambiguous course objectives -course content clarity -support and guidance |
| Limited understanding and experience with clinical evaluation | -knowledge gap in evaluation method -assessment tool and method -instructor preparedness |
| Considerations regarding failing a student in professional practice course | -subjectivity and bias -time and resource constraints |
| Absence of performance evaluation or feedback | -lack of formal feedback mechanism -impact on professional development -resource constraints |
| Balancing workload and adaptation during pandemic uncertainty | -workload management -adaptation to remote teaching -emotional and mental health impact -support system |
| Inadequate instructor orientation and mentorship | -professional development -orientation program -mentorship opportunities -institutional support |