Table 3: Correlation between items for motivation-initiating strategies.
| SR1 | SR2 | SR3 | SR4 | VA1 | VA2 | VA3 | VA4 | DE1 | DE2 | DE3 | DE4 | DE5 | RE1 | RE2 | RE3 | PR1 | PR2 | PR3 | PR4 |
| A. Distance learning (n=62) | SR1 | 1.000 |
| SR2 | .796** | 1.000 |
| SR3 | .586** | .793** | 1.000 |
| SR4 | .567** | .706** | .742** | 1.000 |
| VA1 | .439** | .401** | .201 | .202 | 1.000 |
| VA2 | .589** | .474** | .375** | .339** | .565** | 1.000 |
| VA3 | .509** | .563** | .611** | .605** | .276 | .480** | 1.000 |
| VA4 | .525** | .330** | .248 | .442** | .385** | .397** | .522** | 1.000 |
| DE1 | .095 | .212 | .340** | .233 | -.193 | .124 | .355** | -.012 | 1.000 |
| DE2 | .064 | .216 | .327** | .103 | `.047 | .046 | .297 | .071 | .557** | 1.000 |
| DE3 | -.063 | .036 | .026 | .050 | .044 | -.072 | .025 | -.057 | .325 | .417** | 1.000 |
| DE4 | .171 | .263 | .407** | .378** | .155 | .293 | .440** | .035 | .441** | .471** | .390** | 1.000 |
| DE5 | .012 | .045 | -.027 | -.066 | -.217 | -.131 | -.001 | -.158 | .356** | .155 | .260 | .241 | 1.000 |
| RE1 | -.003 | .027 | .062 | .161 | -.282 | .043 | .298 | -.010 | .298 | .117 | .277 | .125 | .144 | 1.000 |
| RE2 | -.004 | -.023 | .076 | .073 | -.295 | .016 | .257 | -.008 | .257 | .126 | .205 | .123 | .131 | .902** | 1.000 |
| RE3 | -.033 | .038 | .107 | .163 | -.222 | .028 | .380** | -.080 | .303 | .178 | .177 | .309 | .241 | .754** | .705** | 1.000 |
| PR1 | .275 | .314 | .258 | .332** | .059 | .191 | .470** | .223 | .181 | .173 | .119 | .230 | -.121 | .250 | .219 | .251 | 1.000 |
| PR2 | .408** | .322 | .180 | .198 | .187 | .261 | .251 | .355** | .060 | .028 | -.094 | -.033 | .000 | .038 | .050 | -.020 | .442** | 1.000 |
| PR3 | -.002 | .085 | .316 | .269 | -.217 | -.012 | .440** | .122 | .219 | .272 | -.098 | .199 | .027 | .341** | .449** | .328 | .478** | .215 | 1.000 |
| PR4 | .382** | .388** | .245 | .275* | .463** | .456** | .230 | .345** | .059 | .196 | .117 | .158 | .005 | -.057 | .032 | -.077 | .273 | .516** | .157 | 1.000 |
| |
| B. Face-to-face learning (n = 39) | | SR1 | SR2 | SR3 | SR4 | VA1 | VA2 | VA3 | VA4 | DE1 | DE2 | DE3 | DE4 | DE5 | RE1 | RE2 | RE3 | PR1 | PR2 | PR3 | PR4 |
| SR1 | 1.000 |
| SR2 | .742** | 1.000 |
| SR3 | .739** | .651** | 1.000 |
| SR4 | .654** | .605** | .663** | 1.000 |
| VA1 | .460** | .605** | .386 | .540** | 1.000 |
| VA2 | .547** | .769** | .449** | .589** | .776** | 1.000 |
| VA3 | .520** | .523** | .441** | .382 | .541** | .594** | 1.000 |
| VA4 | .430** | .592** | .231 | .264 | .601** | .541** | .576** | 1.000 |
| DE1 | .175 | .234 | .378 | .129 | .223 | .265 | .400 | .228 | 1.000 |
| DE2 | .300 | .203 | .389 | .282 | .299 | .179 | .325 | .248 | .532** | 1.000 |
| DE3 | .333 | .169 | .204 | .161 | .094 | .109 | .291 | .310 | .431** | .611** | 1.000 |
| DE4 | .270 | .008 | .343 | .194 | .200 | .022 | .088 | .150 | .323 | .721** | .528** | 1.000 |
| DE5 | .368 | .219 | .353 | .232 | .097 | .195 | .102 | .046 | .479** | .549** | .697** | .514** | 1.000 |
| RE1 | .139 | .273 | .184 | .000 | .153 | .327 | .158 | .254 | .274 | .117 | .259 | .266 | .515** | 1.000 |
| RE2 | .154 | .150 | .308 | .078 | .143 | .218 | .222 | .172 | .357 | .154 | .284 | .407 | .352 | .747** | 1.000 |
| RE3 | .233 | .211 | .230 | -.053 | .091 | .177 | .396 | .247 | .271 | -.015 | .297 | .137 | .160 | .537** | .634** | 1.000 |
| PR1 | .365 | .297 | .191 | .136 | .413** | .308 | .321 | .509** | .008 | .417** | .402 | .335 | .171 | .251 | .162 | .281 | 1.000 |
| PR2 | .606** | .550** | .367 | .436** | .492** | .627** | .293 | .454** | -.037 | .338 | .290 | .330 | .262 | .236 | .120 | .112 | .639** | 1.000 |
| PR3 | .275 | .382 | .303 | .292 | .598** | .527** | .522** | .522** | .483** | .370 | .360 | .247 | .269 | .359 | .279 | .351 | .554** | .317 | 1.000 |
| PR4 | .303 | .403 | .145 | .328 | .590** | .553** | .400 | .610** | .283 | .352 | .368 | .203 | .259 | .351 | .249 | .312 | .583** | .609** | .690** | 1.000 |