Author(s) (year) | Advocacy Actions |
El Seesy and Al Nagshabani (2016) | Acting on behalf of patients |
Tomaschewski-Barlem et al. (2016) | Open dialogue with patients Courage to tell the truth Resisting barriers |
Davoodvand, Abbaszadeh and Ahmadi (2016) | Protecting the patent Taking care of patients Prioritizing patient health Defending patients’ rights Commitment of the completion of the care period |
Sundqvist and Carlsson (2014) | Providing safe care Safeguarding the patient from harm Informing the patient Providing dignified care Treating patient respectfully Establishing trust Defending patients’ rights Providing vicarious autonomy |
Negarandeh, Oskouie, Ahmadi and Nikravesh (2008) | Informing and educating Valuing and respecting Supporting physically, emotionally, and financially Protecting and representing Promoting continuity of care |
Bu and Wu (2007) | Safeguarding patients’ autonomy Acting on behalf of the patients Championing social justice Representing the nurses’ patient advocacy role at the microsocial level Representing nurse’s patient advocacy role at the macrosocial level |
Mcsteen and McAlpine (2006) | Acting as a guide during transition at the end of life Acting as a liaison between the healthcare team and family Acting to support the meaning of the illness to the patient and family |
Vaartio, Leino-Kilpi, Salanterä and Suominen (2006) | Integrate aspects of individuality Integrate experience of empowering Providing exceptional care Provide continuum care Using a process of analyzing, counseling, responding, shielding, and whistleblowing activities in clinical nursing practice |
Boyle (2005) | Giving voice protecting patients from harm Making sure that patients are cared for and safe Informing patients and their family members about their rights Providing facts about their healthcare acting on behalf of the patient by helping, Intervening, and assisting the patient to best outcome |
O’Connor and Kelly (2005) | Clinical advocacy Organizational advocacy |
Chafey, Rhea, Shannon and Spencer (1998) | Action within the nurse-patient relationship Coordination with the system Intervening with the system on the client’s behalf Empowering the client |
Mallik (1997) | Use direct and indirect means to protect Represent family/patient choice |