Table 6: Action used by Nurse to advocates.
Author(s) (year) Advocacy Actions
El Seesy and Al Nagshabani (2016) Acting on behalf of patients
Tomaschewski-Barlem et al. (2016) Open dialogue with patients
Courage to tell the truth
Resisting barriers
Davoodvand, Abbaszadeh and Ahmadi (2016) Protecting the patent
Taking care of patients
Prioritizing patient health
Defending patients’ rights
Commitment of the completion of the care period
Sundqvist and Carlsson (2014) Providing safe care
Safeguarding the patient from harm
Informing the patient
Providing dignified care
Treating patient respectfully
Establishing trust
Defending patients’ rights
Providing vicarious autonomy
Negarandeh, Oskouie, Ahmadi and Nikravesh (2008) Informing and educating
Valuing and respecting
Supporting physically, emotionally, and financially
Protecting and representing
Promoting continuity of care
Bu and Wu (2007) Safeguarding patients’ autonomy
Acting on behalf of the patients
Championing social justice
Representing the nurses’ patient advocacy role at the microsocial level
Representing nurse’s patient advocacy role at the macrosocial level
Mcsteen and McAlpine (2006) Acting as a guide during transition at the end of life
Acting as a liaison between the healthcare team and family
Acting to support the meaning of the illness to the patient and family
Vaartio, Leino-Kilpi, Salanterä and Suominen (2006) Integrate aspects of individuality
Integrate experience of empowering
Providing exceptional care
Provide continuum care
Using a process of analyzing, counseling, responding, shielding, and whistleblowing activities in clinical nursing practice
Boyle (2005) Giving voice protecting patients from harm
Making sure that patients are cared for and safe
Informing patients and their family members about their rights
Providing facts about their healthcare acting on behalf of the patient by helping, Intervening, and assisting the patient to best outcome
O’Connor and Kelly (2005) Clinical advocacy
Organizational advocacy
Chafey, Rhea, Shannon and Spencer (1998) Action within the nurse-patient relationship
Coordination with the system
Intervening with the system on the client’s behalf
Empowering the client
Mallik (1997) Use direct and indirect means to protect
Represent family/patient choice