Table 4: Attachment, Nurturance, and EPDS in both groups.
SD: standard deviation; Mann-Whitney's U test
PAI-J: Parental Attachment Inventory-Japan
MAI-J: Maternal Attachment Inventory-Japan
EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
| | | | Time 1 | | | Time 3 | |
| | | N | Mean | SD | P-value | N | Mean | SD | P-value |
| PAI-J (Time 1), MAI-J (Time 3) | Intervention | 13 | 62.2 | 10.4 | 0.892 | 12 | 85.4 | 26.8 | 0.148 |
| Control | 12 | 61.8 | 11.7 | | 12 | 95.6 | 7.9 | |
| Nurturance | empathy | Intervention | 13 | 46.0 | 5.5 | 0.298 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Control | 12 | 43.2 | 6.4 | | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| skill | Intervention | 13 | 22.3 | 6.3 | 0.806 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Control | 12 | 22.7 | 6.9 | | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| preparedness | Intervention | 13 | 17.6 | 2.2 | 0.761 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Control | 12 | 17.8 | 2.3 | | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| non-acceptance | Intervention | 13 | 12.5 | 2.8 | 0.476 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Control | 12 | 14.4 | 4.9 | | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| EPDS | Intervention | 12 | | | | | 7.9 | 4.2 | 0.162 |
| Control | 12 | | | | | 5.8 | 4.3 | |