Table 1: General Characteristics of the CHF Patients.
Characteristics No AD (N = 19,161) AD (N = 19,161) P value
Age – yrs. 83.75 (6.31) 83.75 (6.31) 1.000
Gender (%)
Male 7,107 (37.09%) 7,107 (37.09%) 1.000
Female 12,054 (62.91%) 12,054 (62.91%)
Race (%)
White 14,600 (76.20%) 14,600 (76.20%) 1.000
Black 2,267 (11.83%) 2,267 (11.83%)
Hispanics 1,440 (7.52%) 1,440 (7.52%)
Asian or Pacific Islander 329 (1.72%) 329 (1.72%)
Native Americans 90 (0.47%) 90 (0.47%)
Others 435 (2.27%) 435 (2.27%)
Hospital Death (%)
Yes 1,219 (6.36%) 1,403 (7.32%) 0.0002
No 17,941 (93.64%) 17,757 (92.68%)
Length of Stay (IQR) 4 (3, 7) 5 (3, 8) <.0001
Total Charge (IQR) 26,684 (14,627, 50,726) 26,172 (14,866, 48,001) 0.014
Median Household Income (%)
$1 – $38,999 5,659 (30.02%) 6,290 (33.40%) <.0001
$39,000 – $47,999 4,684 (24.85%) 4,529 (24.05%)
$48,000 – $62,999 4,429 (23.49%) 4,277 (22.71%)
$63,000 or More 4,079 (21.64%) 3,738 (19.85%)
Renal Insufficiency (%) 656 (3.42%) 690 (3.60%) 0.345
Diabetes (%) 4,992 (26.05%) 4,896 (25.55%) 0.262
Stroke (%) 345 (1.80%) 403 (2.10%) 0.032
Morbid Obesity (%) 644 (3.36%) 340 (1.77%) <.0001
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (%) 1,087 (5.67%) 657 (3.43%) <.0001
Hospital Characteristics
Rural 2,773 (14.47%) 3,381 (17.65%) <.0001
Urban Non-Teaching 8,038 (41.95%) 8,233 (42.97%)
Urban Teaching 8,350 (43.58%) 7,547 (39.39%)
Values are Mean (SD) for Continuous Variables and Count (%) for Categorical Variables.
For normally distributed variables p values were computed with t-tests; Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test for non-normally distributed.
Chi-square test for Categorical Variables.
AD = Alzheimer’s Disease; Participants are matched by Age, Gender and Race.