Characteristics of Nurses in Japanese Hospitals Who Detect Errors of One-self and Others : Table 3

Table 3: Comparisons of individual scores by experience of detecting the errors.
^aUnmarked or missing data were not included in the analysis.
^bOwn self Yes=1441 (77.4%), No=420 (22.6%)
^cOthers Yes=1565 (84.1%), No=281 (15.1%)
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation
* Mann-Whitney U test, ** T test.

Variable^a	Experience of detecting an error
	Own self^b		P	Others^c		P
	Yes	No		Yes	No
	Median (IQR)			Median (IQR)
Experience of Making Errors*
Clinical Errors	4 (2-7)	2 (0-4)	<0.001	3 (2-6)	2 (1-4)	<0.001
	Mean ± SD			Mean ± SD
KiSS-18**
Basic Skills	9.4±2.4	9.6±2.3	0.184	9.5±2.3	9.0±2.5	0.001
Advanced Skills	10.1±1.9	10.4±1.7	0.002	10.3±1.8	9.8±1.9	<0.001
Emotional Management Skills	9.2±2.0	9.6±1.8	0.001	9.4±1.9	9.0±2.0	0.005
Offense Management Skills	9.2±1.9	9.6±1.8	<0.001	9.3±1.9 9	.1±1.9	0.037
Stress Management Skills	9.4±1.9	9.8±1.7	<0.001	9.5±1.9	9.3±1.9	0.058
Planning Skills	9.8±2.0	10.2±1.8	<0.001	9.9±1.9	9.5±2.1	0.001
Patient Safety Culture**
Communication Openness	10.0±2.1	10.2±2.1	0.073	10.2±2.1	9.5±2.1	<0.001
Feedback and Communication about Error	12.0±2.3	12.0±2.3	0.972	12.0±2.3	12.0±2.3	0.699
Non-punitive Response to Errors	9.4±2.2	10.0±2.3	<0.001	9.5±2.2	10.0±2.2	0.001
Organizational Leaning-Continuous Improvement	11.7±1.8	10.8±1.6	0.204	10.7±1.8	10.8±1.7	0.439
Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety	13.3±2.2	13.8±2.1	<0.001	13.3±2.2	13.9±2.1	<0.001
Teamwork within Units	15.8±2.4	15.9±2.5	0.463	15.8±2.4	16.0±2.4	0.131