Table 3: Comparison of hospitals regarding whether or not they employed employees, and hospitals had difficulties in the recruitment.

Analysis method: Welch’s t-test, SD=Standard Deviation, ***: p<0.001, n.s.: not significant.

F1: Educational system, F2: Reputation at hospitals, F3: Support system for acquisition of certificate of clinical nurse specialist/certified nurse, F4: Reputation at hospitals as places of employment, F5: Knowledge of nursing philosophy and of culture of working places, F6: Reputation of teaching for students’ clinical practice, F7: Working hours and leave privileges, F8: Salary and other allowances, F9: Support system for license acquisition.

A: The new graduates are registered nurses/practical nurses employed in the same year they were licensed as registered nurse/practical nurse. They were employed without any nursing experience.

B:Employed persons are registered nurses/practical nurses who were supported by their home hospitals to obtain a nursing license. They are those who worked for the hospital as a practical nurse/nurse's aide while they studied to obtain registered nurse/practical nurse licenses, and continued working at the same hospital.

C:Experienced employed persons are registered nurses/practical nurses who have work experience in other medical facilities/hospitals.

Factors Registered nurses Practical nurses The difficulty in employment of nursing staff
A B C A B C
Employed Did not Employed Did not Employed Did not Employed Did not Employed Did not Employed Did not No difficulty Difficulty
n 94 133 86 140 194 28 49 178 69 157 147 78 62 168
F1 Mean 3.623 2.607 3.370 2.807 3.025 2.943 3.236 2.970 3.187 2.949 2.913 3.212 3.325 2.920
±SD 0.884 0.963 0.875 1.099 1.087 0.862 0.997 1.067 0.969 1.084 1.009 1.114 1.106 1.022
t-value -8.098 -4.255 -0.383 -1.564 -1.568 2.045 -2.605
p-value *** *** n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F2 Mean 3.543 3.355 3.462 3.413 3.430 3.429 3.439 3.431 3.391 3.449 3.379 3.522 3.528 3.388
±SD 0.472 0.541 0.475 0.549 0.538 0.390 0.488 0.531 0.543 0.512 0.538 0.477 0.536 0.506
t-value -2.706 -0.695 -0.017 -0.090 0.766 1.974 -1.831
p-value n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F3 Mean 2.582 1.832 2.407 1.988 2.169 2.000 1.953 2.195 2.174 2.136 2.075 2.287 2.183 2.099
±SD 1.413 1.197 1.347 1.317 1.357 1.311 1.466 1.303 1.334 1.348 1.373 1.284 1.368 1.337
t-value -4.308 -2.302 -0.618 1.120 -0.195 1.125 -0.417
p-value *** n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F4 Mean 3.306 2.412 3.093 2.584 2.778 2.786 2.893 2.751 3.025 2.669 2.670 2.987 3.109 2.628
±SD 0.792 1.012 0.905 1.049 1.060 0.841 0.920 1.052 0.759 1.107 1.050 0.954 1.015 1.016
t-value -7.461 -3.860 0.042 -0.923 -2.806 2.290 -3.187
p-value *** *** n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F5 Mean 3.758 3.406 3.625 3.504 3.549 3.589 3.694 3.513 3.540 3.554 3.483 3.676 3.831 3.464
±SD 0.687 0.758 0.691 0.782 0.780 0.519 0.676 0.764 0.732 0.759 0.737 0.767 0.777 0.718
t-value -3.580 -1.184 0.265 -1.505 0.132 1.847 -3.357
p-value *** n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F6 Mean 3.649 2.098 3.302 2.381 2.737 2.654 3.429 2.550 3.130 2.556 2.653 2.863 3.102 2.595
±SD 1.477 1.938 1.679 1.976 1.953 1.705 1.561 1.967 1.793 1.950 1.917 1.931 1.891 1.907
t-value -6.837 -3.742 -0.213 -3.286 -2.157 0.781 -1.793
p-value *** *** n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F7 Mean 4.080 3.947 4.035 3.977 4.021 3.893 4.041 3.992 3.957 4.018 3.988 4.029 4.310 3.905
±SD 0.616 0.697 0.622 0.693 0.663 0.712 0.650 0.672 0.603 0.693 0.667 0.666 0.638 0.645
t-value -1.478 -0.636 -0.945 -0.457 0.633 0.436 -4.245
p-value n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. ***
F8 Mean 2.993 2.697 2.845 2.800 2.832 2.726 2.802 2.824 2.798 2.826 2.746 2.948 3.021 2.748
±SD 0.601 0.650 0.666 0.636 0.654 0.636 0.608 0.657 0.595 0.669 0.644 0.638 0.708 0.602
t-value -3.489 -0.503 -0.802 0.207 0.299 2.250 -2.908
p-value *** n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
F9 Mean 3.422 2.920 3.662 2.805 3.110 3.191 3.252 3.093 3.647 2.904 3.038 3.295 3.011 3.173
±SD 1.234 1.594 1.152 1.560 1.526 1.195 1.487 1.473 1.080 1.570 1.549 1.329 1.310 1.520
t-value -2.673 -4.735 0.269 -0.667 -4.113 1.301 0.743
p-value n.s. *** n.s. n.s. *** n.s. n.s.