Analysis method: Welch’s t-test, SD=Standard Deviation, ***: p<0.001, n.s.: not significant.
F1: Educational system, F2: Reputation at hospitals, F3: Support system for acquisition of certificate of clinical nurse specialist/certified nurse, F4: Reputation at hospitals as places of employment, F5: Knowledge of nursing philosophy and of culture of working places, F6: Reputation of teaching for students’ clinical practice, F7: Working hours and leave privileges, F8: Salary and other allowances, F9: Support system for license acquisition.A: The new graduates are registered nurses/practical nurses employed in the same year they were licensed as registered nurse/practical nurse. They were employed without any nursing experience.
B:Employed persons are registered nurses/practical nurses who were supported by their home hospitals to obtain a nursing license. They are those who worked for the hospital as a practical nurse/nurse's aide while they studied to obtain registered nurse/practical nurse licenses, and continued working at the same hospital.
C:Experienced employed persons are registered nurses/practical nurses who have work experience in other medical facilities/hospitals.
Factors | Registered nurses | Practical nurses | The difficulty in employment of nursing staff | ||||||||||||
A | B | C | A | B | C | ||||||||||
Employed | Did not | Employed | Did not | Employed | Did not | Employed | Did not | Employed | Did not | Employed | Did not | No difficulty | Difficulty | ||
n | 94 | 133 | 86 | 140 | 194 | 28 | 49 | 178 | 69 | 157 | 147 | 78 | 62 | 168 | |
F1 | Mean | 3.623 | 2.607 | 3.370 | 2.807 | 3.025 | 2.943 | 3.236 | 2.970 | 3.187 | 2.949 | 2.913 | 3.212 | 3.325 | 2.920 |
±SD | 0.884 | 0.963 | 0.875 | 1.099 | 1.087 | 0.862 | 0.997 | 1.067 | 0.969 | 1.084 | 1.009 | 1.114 | 1.106 | 1.022 | |
t-value | -8.098 | -4.255 | -0.383 | -1.564 | -1.568 | 2.045 | -2.605 | ||||||||
p-value | *** | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F2 | Mean | 3.543 | 3.355 | 3.462 | 3.413 | 3.430 | 3.429 | 3.439 | 3.431 | 3.391 | 3.449 | 3.379 | 3.522 | 3.528 | 3.388 |
±SD | 0.472 | 0.541 | 0.475 | 0.549 | 0.538 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.531 | 0.543 | 0.512 | 0.538 | 0.477 | 0.536 | 0.506 | |
t-value | -2.706 | -0.695 | -0.017 | -0.090 | 0.766 | 1.974 | -1.831 | ||||||||
p-value | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F3 | Mean | 2.582 | 1.832 | 2.407 | 1.988 | 2.169 | 2.000 | 1.953 | 2.195 | 2.174 | 2.136 | 2.075 | 2.287 | 2.183 | 2.099 |
±SD | 1.413 | 1.197 | 1.347 | 1.317 | 1.357 | 1.311 | 1.466 | 1.303 | 1.334 | 1.348 | 1.373 | 1.284 | 1.368 | 1.337 | |
t-value | -4.308 | -2.302 | -0.618 | 1.120 | -0.195 | 1.125 | -0.417 | ||||||||
p-value | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F4 | Mean | 3.306 | 2.412 | 3.093 | 2.584 | 2.778 | 2.786 | 2.893 | 2.751 | 3.025 | 2.669 | 2.670 | 2.987 | 3.109 | 2.628 |
±SD | 0.792 | 1.012 | 0.905 | 1.049 | 1.060 | 0.841 | 0.920 | 1.052 | 0.759 | 1.107 | 1.050 | 0.954 | 1.015 | 1.016 | |
t-value | -7.461 | -3.860 | 0.042 | -0.923 | -2.806 | 2.290 | -3.187 | ||||||||
p-value | *** | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F5 | Mean | 3.758 | 3.406 | 3.625 | 3.504 | 3.549 | 3.589 | 3.694 | 3.513 | 3.540 | 3.554 | 3.483 | 3.676 | 3.831 | 3.464 |
±SD | 0.687 | 0.758 | 0.691 | 0.782 | 0.780 | 0.519 | 0.676 | 0.764 | 0.732 | 0.759 | 0.737 | 0.767 | 0.777 | 0.718 | |
t-value | -3.580 | -1.184 | 0.265 | -1.505 | 0.132 | 1.847 | -3.357 | ||||||||
p-value | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F6 | Mean | 3.649 | 2.098 | 3.302 | 2.381 | 2.737 | 2.654 | 3.429 | 2.550 | 3.130 | 2.556 | 2.653 | 2.863 | 3.102 | 2.595 |
±SD | 1.477 | 1.938 | 1.679 | 1.976 | 1.953 | 1.705 | 1.561 | 1.967 | 1.793 | 1.950 | 1.917 | 1.931 | 1.891 | 1.907 | |
t-value | -6.837 | -3.742 | -0.213 | -3.286 | -2.157 | 0.781 | -1.793 | ||||||||
p-value | *** | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F7 | Mean | 4.080 | 3.947 | 4.035 | 3.977 | 4.021 | 3.893 | 4.041 | 3.992 | 3.957 | 4.018 | 3.988 | 4.029 | 4.310 | 3.905 |
±SD | 0.616 | 0.697 | 0.622 | 0.693 | 0.663 | 0.712 | 0.650 | 0.672 | 0.603 | 0.693 | 0.667 | 0.666 | 0.638 | 0.645 | |
t-value | -1.478 | -0.636 | -0.945 | -0.457 | 0.633 | 0.436 | -4.245 | ||||||||
p-value | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | *** | ||||||||
F8 | Mean | 2.993 | 2.697 | 2.845 | 2.800 | 2.832 | 2.726 | 2.802 | 2.824 | 2.798 | 2.826 | 2.746 | 2.948 | 3.021 | 2.748 |
±SD | 0.601 | 0.650 | 0.666 | 0.636 | 0.654 | 0.636 | 0.608 | 0.657 | 0.595 | 0.669 | 0.644 | 0.638 | 0.708 | 0.602 | |
t-value | -3.489 | -0.503 | -0.802 | 0.207 | 0.299 | 2.250 | -2.908 | ||||||||
p-value | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||||
F9 | Mean | 3.422 | 2.920 | 3.662 | 2.805 | 3.110 | 3.191 | 3.252 | 3.093 | 3.647 | 2.904 | 3.038 | 3.295 | 3.011 | 3.173 |
±SD | 1.234 | 1.594 | 1.152 | 1.560 | 1.526 | 1.195 | 1.487 | 1.473 | 1.080 | 1.570 | 1.549 | 1.329 | 1.310 | 1.520 | |
t-value | -2.673 | -4.735 | 0.269 | -0.667 | -4.113 | 1.301 | 0.743 | ||||||||
p-value | n.s. | *** | n.s. | n.s. | *** | n.s. | n.s. |