Table 1: Student Characteristics.
Note: SD = standard deviation.
†Mann-Whitney U test, *p <0.05, **p <0.01.
‡Chi-square test, *p <0.05, **p <0.01.
| Enrolled in 2012 N = 73 | Enrolled in 2013 N = 59 | p |
| Age, years, mean (± SD) | 19.5 | (± 0.7) | 19.5 | (± 0.7) | 0.84† |
| Sex, N (%) |
| Male | 1 | (1.4) | 8 | (13.6) | 0.01‡* |
| Female | 72 | (98.6) | 51 | (86.4) | |
| Living environment, N (%) |
| Alone | 55 | (75.3) | 44 | (74.6) | 0.65‡ |
| With family | 17 | (23.3) | 15 | (25.4) | |
| With others | 1 | (1.4) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Commute time, min, mean (± SD) | 50.9 | (± 35.3) | 49.8 | (± 34.0) | 0.85† |
| Sleep amount before clinical training, hr, mean (± SD) | 6.1 | (± 1.2) | 6.3 | (± 1.2) | 0.22† |
| Sleep amount after clinical training, hr, mean (± SD) | 4.0 | (± 1.4) | 3.6 | (± 1.3) | 0.08† |
| Subjective health status before clinical training, N (%) |
| Good | 14 | (19.2) | 8 | (13.6) | 0.37‡ |
| Somewhat good | 30 | (41.1) | 19 | (32.2) | |
| Normal | 26 | (35.6) | 30 | (50.8) | |
| Somewhat poor | 3 | (4.1) | 2 | (3.4) | |
| Poor | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Subjective health status after clinical training, N (%) |
| Good | 7 | (9.6) | 3 | (5.1) | 0.07‡ |
| Somewhat good | 16 | (21.9) | 3 | (5.1) | |
| Normal | 23 | (31.5) | 15 | (25.4) | |
| Somewhat poor | 19 | (26.0) | 30 | (50.8) | |
| Poor | 8 | (11.0) | 8 | (13.6) | |