| Professionalism Subscales | USA | Japan | ||||
| Mean† | (SD) | Mean† | (SD) | t-value | p-value | |
| Education preparation | 1.95 | (0.55) | 1.69 | (0.70) | 3.559 | <.0001 |
| Publication and communication | 0.53 | (0.89) | 0.85 | (1.08) | -2.691 | 0.0008 |
| Research development, use, and evaluation | 1.48 | (1.05) | 1.73 | (0.84) | -2.336 | 0.020 |
| Participation in professional organization | 1.27 | (0.65) | 1.23 | (0.59) | 0.563 | 0.574 |
| Community service | 1.92 | (1.08) | 0.78 | (1.04) | 9.232 | <.0001 |
| Competence and continuing education | 2.05 | (0.43) | 2.08 | (0.54) | -0.522 | 0.602 |
| Theory development, use, and evaluation | 2.25 | (0.62) | 1.61 | (0.68) | 8.426 | <.0001 |
| Self-regulation and autonomy | 1.91 | (0.72) | 1.61 | (0.72) | 9.008 | <.0001 |
| Adherence to the code for Nurses | 1.69 | (1.49) | 1.50 | (1.50) | 1.096 | 0.274 |
| Total Score ‡ | 15.05 | (4.09) | 12.63 | (4.47) | 4.845 | <.0001 |