Abbreviations: SD: Standard Deviation; IV: Intervention Group; Cont: Control Group; GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale-15; ADL-20: Activities of Daily Living-20; QOL: Quality of Life; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination. *P < 0.05, Two-way repeated-measures analysis and Bonferroni test.
Baseline | After 6 weeks | Two way repeated-measures (F-value ) | Bonferroni test (F-value ) | ||||
Group | Time | Group/Time4 | |||||
Vitality Index (mean ±SD) | |||||||
IV (n=9) | 8.3 ±1.5 | 8.6 ±1.7 | 0.92 | 3.27 | 0.36 | 2.29 | |
Cont (n=9) | 9.1 ±1.6 | 9.2 ±1.6 | 1.00 | ||||
GDS-15 (mean ±SD) | |||||||
IV (n=9) | 5.7 ±2.8 | 3.6 ±2.2 | 1.96 | 2.92 | 8.12* | 14.01* | |
Cont (n=9) | 6.4 ±3.6 | 6.9 ±3.0 | 0.31 | ||||
ADL-20 (mean ±SD) | |||||||
IV (n=9) | 30.0 ±8.7 | 30.8 ±8.4 | 5.36 | 1.43 | 2.54 | 2.80 | |
Cont (n=9) | 41.0 ±11.0 | 40.9 ±11.0 | 0.13 | ||||
QOL (mean ±SD) | |||||||
subjective sense of health | IV (n=9) | 59.4 ±17.6 | 59.4 ±12.9 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.00 |
Cont (n=9) | 53.3 ±20.6 | 55.6 ±20.7 | 2.29 | ||||
subjective mood | IV (n=9) | 60.0 ±20.0 | 63.3 ±27.4 | 0.082 | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.80 |
Cont (n=9) | 63.3 ±27.4 | 55.6 ±20.7 | 0.13 | ||||
relationship with family | IV (n=9) | 91.7 ±12.0 | 91.1 ±11.7 | 1.18 | 0.77 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
Cont (n=9) | 85.6 ±15.9 | 83.3 ±18.0 | 2.29 | ||||
relationship with friends | IV (n=9) | 83.3 ±20.6 | 86.7 ±16.6 | 1.96 | 0.03 | 0.81 | 0.50 |
Cont (n=9) | 74.4 ±16.7 | 72.2 ±14.8 | 0.31 | ||||
financial status | IV (n=9) | 76.7 ±19.4 | 85.6 ±11.3 | 0.46 | 5.98 | 0.32 | 3.57 |
Cont (n=9) | 73.3 ±19.4 | 78.9 ±16.1 | 0.31 | ||||
satisfaction with life | IV (n=9) | 75.6 ±13.3 | 91.1 ±9.2 | 0.43 | 29.25 | 16.46* | 28.00* |
Cont (n=9) | 78.8 ±11.7 | 81.1 ±10.5 | 2.29 | ||||
subjective happiness | IV (n=9) | 74.4 ±13.3 | 77.8 ±12.0 | 1.34 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 4.00 |
Cont (n=9) | 67.8 ±23.3 | 66.7 ±18.7 | 0.04 | ||||
MMSE (mean ±SD) | |||||||
IV (n=9) | 23.1 ±4.8 | 23.4 ±5.1 | 0.36 | 1.41 | 1.09 | 3.21 | |
Cont (n=9) | 24.3 ±4.8 | 24.2 ±5.1 | 0.13 |