Table 1: Robot research works using piezoelectric actuators.
Type Author Piezoelectric actuator Year Reference
Robot arm and finger Tzou PVDF 1989 [3]
Varadan et al. Piezo-Ceramic Patch 1992 [4]
Fatikow et al. Piezo-Stack 1997 [5]
Ueha et al. Piezo-Stack and Piezo-Ceramic Ring 2011 [6]
Inchworm robot Holinger and Briscoe Piezo-Ceramic Patch 2005 [7]
Yan et al. Piezo-Stack 2006 [8]
Legged robot Lee et al. LIPCA 2006 [9]
Lee et al. LIPCA 2009 [10]
Song and Sitti Piezo-Ceramic Patch 2007 [11]
Underwater robot Goo et al. LIPCA 2007 [12]
Goo et al. LIPCA 2008 [13]
Ming et al. MFC 2011 [14]
Ming et al. MFC 2014 [15]
Flapping robot Ming et al. MFC 2009 [16]
Ming et al. MFC 2010 [17]
Ming et al. MFC 2012 [18]
Wood et al. Piezo-Ceramic Patch 2011 [19]