Table 1: Comparison of the main characteristics of stem cell studies in women with urinary incontinence.

Reference Year of Publication	Study Design	n	Number of Stem Cells	Injection Site	Outcomes	Followup, m
[1] Sebe 2012	Randomized 3 doses	12	Myoblasts Group 1: 1x107 Group 2: 2.5x107 Group 3: 5x107	Sphincter	25%, cures 83%, improvement (dose-independent)	12
[2] Carr 2013	Randomized 2 doses	38	Myoblasts Low dose: 1-16x106 High dose: 32-128x106	2 sphincter areas, cystoscope 84% 2 doses	88.9%, improvement high dose 61.5%, improvement, low dose 5.3% worsen	18
[3] Mittelberguer 2007	Prospective interventional + electrical stimulation	123	Myoblasts 2.8x107 Fibroblasts 3.8x107	Rhabdosphincter and submucosa, ultrasound guided	79%, dry 13%, improvement 9%, mild improvement	12
[4] Mittelberguer 2007 2008	Prospective interventional + electrical stimulation	20	Myoblasts 1-3x107 Fibroblasts 1.4-6.06x107	Rhabdosphincter and submucosa, ultrasound-guided	89%, dry 11%, improvement	24
[5] Lee 2010	Prospective interventional	39	Umbilical cord 4.3-1.9x108	Ureterovesical juncture, ultrasound-guided	72.2%, improvement	12
[6] Stangel 2013	Prospective interventional	16	Myoblasts 0.6-25x106	Rhabdosphincter, cystoscope	50%, dry 25%, improvements 25%, no improvement	24
[7] Carr 2008	Prospective interventional	8	Myoblasts 18-22x106	Rhabdosphincter, cystoscope (3 patients, reinjection at 3 months)	12.5%, dry 62.5%, improvement	10
[8] Blaganje 2012	Prospective interventional + electrical stimulation	38	Myoblasts 1x106-5x107	Rhabdosphincter, ultrasoundguided (26 injections)	13.5%, cured 78.4%, improvement 8%, equal	1.5
[9] Surcel 2012	Prospective interventional	8	Myoblasts	Middle urethra, ultrasoundguided	-	12