Table 1: Information about all test vehicles in this study.
| Model | Model year | type/weight/passengers/engine | CO2 mixed driving, g/km | Particles, mixed driving, mg/km | NOx mixed driving, mg/km |
| Volvo V60 | 2018 | SW, 1666 kg, | 138 (NEDC) | 2.4 (NEDC) | 21.3 (NEDC) |
| Seat Leon | 2018 | SW, 1586 kg, 85 | 156 (WLTP) | 0.08 (WLTP) | 45.4 (WLTP) |
| Kia Ceed | 2019 | SW 1475 kg, 103 | 144 (WLTP) | 0.47 (WLTP) | 14.9 (WLTP) |
| BMW 525 | 2019 | Sedan, 170 kW | 131 (WLTP) | - | - |
| Seat Tarraco | 2019 | SUV, 1921 kg, | 194 (WLTP) | 0.14 (WLTP) | 54.4 (WLTP) |
| Renault Zoe | 2017 | Mini, 1570 kg, 68 | - | - | - |
| Subaru Forester | 2019 | SUV, 1614 kg, | 199 (WLTP) | i u | 22.9 (WLTP) |
| VW Passat | 2018 | SW, 1827 kg, | 40 (NEDC) | I u | 4.6 (NEDC) |
| Audi Q3 | 2018 | SUV, 1760 kg, | 198 (WLTP) | 0.31 (WLTP) | 34.5 (WLTP) |
| Mitsubishi | 2017 | SUV,1929 | 41 (NEDC) | I u | 3.3 (NEDC) |