Table 2: Demographic data of normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and diabetes groups.
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR and HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and β–cell function; 1 p < 0.05 against normal glucose tolerance, 2p < 0.05 against pre-diabetes, 3 p < 0.05 against diabetes.
| Normal glucose tolerance | Pre-diabetes | Diabetes |
| n | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| Age (year) | 55.3 ± 8.9 | 54.2 ± 13.4 | 51.9 ± 7.3 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 3.3 | 25.3 ± 3.0 | 24.9 ± 2.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.1 ± 13.0 | 121.2 ± 12.0 | 122.1 ± 17.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.5 ± 8.3 | 75.8 ± 10.6 | 76.9 ± 10.8 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 0.7 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.43 | 6.2 ± 0.43 | 10.3 ± 2.71,2 |
| Log(fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L)) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| Log (second phase insulin secretion ) | -0.8 ± 0.62,3 | -1.1 ± 0.41 | -1.5 ± 0.51 |
| Log (HOMA-IR) | -0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4 |
| Log (HOMA-β) | 1.7 ± 0.43 | 1.4 ± 0.63 | 1.1 ± 0.51,2 |