Table 2: Towards defining a business model framework for crowd-driven ecosystems.
Year Authors Analytical Context Descriptive Analysis Ontological Analysis
IoT business (firm-centric) IoT ecosystem (ecosystem-centric) New Business Model (BM) Framework Existing Business Model (BM) Framework
Other BM Framework BM Canvas
2017 Bilgeri and Wortmann [70] X X
2016 Ju, Kim and Ahn [71] X X X
Weinberger, Bilgeri, and Fleisch [72] X X
Schladofsky et.al. [62] X X X
Iivari et al. [9] X X X
2015 Dijkman et. al., [64] X X X
Chan [68] X X*
Rong, et al. [63] X X
Fleisch, et al., [65] X X
2014 Turber et. al., [73] X X
Hui [66] X X
Westerlund et al., [74] X X
Qin and Yu [75] X X
Fleisch, Weinberger and Wortmann [76] X X
Silva and MaloĢ [67] X X X
2013 Li and Xu [77] X X X*
2012 Sun, Yan, Lu, Bie, and Thomas [78] X X*
Leminen et al., [79] X X X
2011 Bucherer and Uckelmann [80] X X X
Fan and Zhou [81] X X X*
2010 Liu and Jia [82] X X X*
Notes: *: Utilise a modified version of existing Business Model Framework