Table 1: Cases reported with snake envenomation associated with stroke [9-78].
GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale, CT: Computed Topography, MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, M: Male, F: Female, Lt: Left, Rt: Right, H: Hemiplegia, O: Ophthalmoplegia, P: Ptosis, AMS: Altered Mental Status, ICH: Intra-Cranial Hemorrhage, MCA: Middle Cerebral Artery, ACA: Anterior Cerebral Artery, ICA: Internal Carotid Artery, PICA: Posterior Inferior Cerebral Artery.
Name/Year Age /Sex GCS Symptoms Onset (hours) Affected area on CT/MRI Outcome (Days)
Sahoo AK, 2018 36/M 6 Rt H, aphasia 18 Lt MCA Full Recovery
Sahoo LK, 2018 36/M 8 Rt H, aphasia, O 1 Lt frontotemporal, Rt basal ganglia, Rt thalamus, occipital, cerebellum Sequalae
Kutiyal, 2018 26/M 6 Locked-in syndrome 2 Full Recovery
Pothukuchi, 2018 55/M 15 expressive aphasia 1 bilateral frontal lobes Sequalae
Bakare, 2018 27/M 15 seizures, Rt H 2 Lt parieto-occipital ICH Full Recovery
Pothukuchi, 2017 70/M 15 Rt H, seizures 96 Lt capsuloganglionic Full Recovery
55/M 15 Lf H, aphasia 168 bilateral frontal lobes Full Recovery
Rathnayaka, 2017 43/M 9 Rt H, seizures 0.75 Lt ICH, sub falcine herniation Death [11]
Delgado, 2017 58/M 8 Lf H, seizures 4 Rtnucleocapsular ICH Sequalae
Oliveira, 2017 59/F 3 coma 3.5 SAH, ICH Death [3]
Janardanaaithala, 2017 38/F 6 coma, abulia 2.5 Lt capsuloganglionic, cerebellum Sequalae
Swati, 2017 80/M 15 Lt H 2 ICH Rt parietal, occipital/ Lt PICA Sequalae
Paul, 2017 75/M 10 Rt H, P 24 bilateral cerebellar, Rttemporooccipital Sequalae
Krishna, 2017 30/F 15 seizures, Rt H 4 Lt capsuloganglionic Full Recovery
Pal, 2017 21/M 0 Lt H, facial palsy 48 Rt MCA Sequalae
Abdul Jalal, 2017 48/M 13 Lt H, P 1 ICH Lt frontal, temporal Full Recovery
Cañas, 2016 48/F 8 Coma, hypotonia, P 96 Basilar artery Death [3]
Silveira, 2016 52/M 13 dizziness 24 ICH Full Recovery
Ajit, 2016 30/F 15 Lt H, facial palsy, aphasia 48 Lt fronto-tempo-parietal Sequalae
Prabhu, 2016 45/F 3 coma, Lt H, P 3 bilateral cerebellum, thalami, frontal and parietal, Rt temporal, midbrain Sequalae
Jeyaraj, 2016 28/F 15 P, O, facial palsy, Lt H. Bilateral cerebellar, midbrain, left thalamic with ICH Full Recovery
Ghezala, 2015 37/M 6 O, decerebration rigidity 4 Subdural hematoma, ICH Death
Pardal, 2015 10/M 15 Rt H 25 ICH Rt frontal Sequalae
Gunchan, 2014 36/M 7 Rt, coma 24 basilar artery Sequalae
40/M 15 Broca's aphasia 9 superior division of Lt MCA with ICH Sequalae
Rebahi, 2014 32/F 8 coma 3 frontal, temporal, parietal Death [5]
5/F 8 coma 96 Rt frontal temporo-parieto-occipital Death [7]
51/M 10 coma, Rt H 48 bilateral internal capsules Full Recovery
Bush, 2014 50/M 8 Aphasia, Rt H, facial palsy 11 Rt frontal, Lt parietal, lt occipital Death [3]
17/M 15 Facial palsy, Lt H 73 Rtsylvian, Rt cerebellum, bilateral frontal, occipital Sequalae
Mahale, 2014 58/M 15 bilateral homonymous hemianopia 48 Bilateral occipital Sequalae
Gopalan, 2014 32/F 8 Rt H 6 Lt MCA, Lt ACA, Lt ICA Sequalae
Chandrashekar, 2014 40/F 15 Rt H, aphasia 6 Lt tempero-parietal Sequalae
Kumar, 2014 22/M 8 coma 144 ICH Lt parietal Sequalae
Vale, 2013 16/M 8 top-of-the-basilar syndrome 24 bilateral occipital, Lt temporal, cerebellum Sequalae
Bhatt, 2013 65/F 10 Aphasia, Rt H 5 Lt precentral, postcentral, hemipons, cerebellum Sequalae
Das, 2013 27/F 15 Gerstmann's syndrome, P 6 Lt parietofrontal, Lt lateral sinus thrombus Sequalae
Aissaoui, 2013 72/M 15 Aphasia, Lt hemianopsia 48 Lt occipito-temporoparietal Full Recovery
Saha, 2013 32/M 9 aphasia, Rt H 6 Lt MCA Sequalae
Ittyachen, 2012 55/M 12 Coma 5 bilateral thalamic Sequalae
Chani, 2012 55/M 10 AMS 12 bifocal Sequalae
Jeevagan, 2012 65/M 15 Lt H 12 Rt parietal Sequalae
Gupta, 2012 48/F 11 AMS 48 Lt cerebellar Full Recovery
Gouda, 2011 40/F 9 AMS, hypotonia 1 bilateral cerebellar, occipital Sequalae
Anim, 2011 48/F 10 AMS 20 Rt cerebellar, medulla, pons Death [7]
Sathishkuma, 2011 45/M 5 Lt H, AMS 4 Rt MCA Sequalae
Vale, 2010 24/M 15 Lt H, right homonymous hemianopsia 6 Rt MCA Sequalae
Machado, 2010 62/F 15 Rt H 2 Lt MCA with ICH Sequalae
Anim, 2010 32/M 9 AMS, O 24 Sequalae
Narang, 2009 18/M 15 Aphasia, Rt H 24 Lt MCA Sequalae
Hoskote, 2009 24/M 8 coma, akinetic mute 5 bilateral ACA Sequalae
Gawarammana, 2009 56/M 13 P, O 7 Cerebellum, bilateral frontal, parietal Full Recovery
37/M 14 P,O, Lt H <1 Rt parietal, lentiform nucleus Full Recovery
45/F 14 P,O, Lt H 96 Rt frontal, Rt cerebellum Full Recovery
45/F 10 P,O <1 Lt caudate, bilateral occipital Sequalae
8/M 6 P,O <1 bilateral MCA Death [5]
53/M 14 P,O 2 Multiple cortical and cerebellum Sequalae
35/M 9 P,O <1 Lt frontal Sequalae
39/M 13 P,O <1 Multiple cerebellum and occipital Sequalae
54/M 15 P,O Lt H 2 Rt parietal-temporal Sequalae
Mugundhan, 2008 14/M 8 P, O <1 bilateral cerebellar, Rt occipital Death [1]
Prakash, 2008 40/M 3 P,O, Locked in syndrome 3 Full Recovery
25/M 3 P,O, Locked in syndrome 6 Full Recovery
Santos-Soares, 2007 65/F 8 Aphasia, Rt H, Lt facial palsy 12 ICH Lt temporo-parietal Full Recovery
Das, 2007 22/F 15 Aphasia, Rt H 36 multiple Lt cerebral Sequalae
Thomas, 2007 46/M 15 Lt inferior quadranopsia 22 bilateral occipital Full Recovery
55/M 15 Rt H, aphasia 36 Lt MCA Sequalae
66/M 13 Lt H, left homonymous hemianopsia 24 Multiple cortical Sequalae
Merle, 2005 46/M 15 Lt lateral homonymous quadranopsia 24 Occipital Full Recovery
Anim, 2004 20/F 15 decreased visual acuity 24 Sequalae
Lee, 2004 72/M 7 Rt H 72 ACA, MCA, subacute PICA Sequalae
Bartholdi, 2004 22/M 15 Monoparesis of the Lt leg 24 ICH Rt parasagittal Sequalae
Boviatsis, 2003 65/F 13 Lt H, Rthemianopsia 4 Multiple cerebral Full Recovery
Zhang, 2003 22/M 3 Rtanisocoria 11 ICH with herniation Death [2]
Hung, 2003 52/M 15 Monoparesis of the Lt arm 24 bilateral fronto-parieto-occipital, Rt thalamus Death [3]
Diaz, 2003 11/M 13 Rt facial palsy, lt H 2 Rt MCA Sequalae
Numeric, 2002 32/M 15 Lt H, Rt Facial palsy, Wernicke’s aphasia 144 Rt ACA Sequalae
Pinho, 2001 64/F 8 coma, anisocoria 15 ICH Full Recovery
Lee, 2001 54/F 15 one and-a-half syndrome 4 Proximal basilar artery Sequalae
Panicker, 2000 21/M 15 Motor aphasia, Rt H 2 Lt frontal Sequalae
Singh, 1998 23/M 12 coma 36 Rt frontal, parietal, occipital Death [4]
Medytt, 1998 57/M 11 coma <1 Bilateral ICH Death [1]
Cole, 1996 43/M 14 Wernicke aphasia, alexia, uadrantanopia, Rt H 24 Lt temporal with ICH Sequalae