Table 1: Table summarizing cases or arrhythmias associated with marijuana use, EKG and Echo findings and management employed.
Case Year and author Reported arrhythmia in EKG Transthoracic echocardiogram Coronary angiography Chemical /electrical Cardioversion/Defibrillation Medical management Device implantation
1 1981, Akins [8] Sinus bradycardia, first degree atrioventricular block, second degree atrioventricular block - - - - -
2 2000, Kosior [9] Atrial fibrillation - - Propafenone - -
3 2000, Singh [10] Atrial fibrillation Normal - Digitalization - -
4 2001, Kosior [11] Supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation Normal - - Beta-blockers -
5 2001, Kosior [11] Atrial fibrillation Normal - - - -
6 2003, Rezkella [12] Ventricular tachycardia - Normal coronaries, slow flow (TIMI I-II) Propafenone - -
7 2005, Fischer [13] Atrial flutter converted to Atrial fibrillation after adenosine was given - - - - -
8 2005, Charbonney [14] Atrial fibrillation - - Flecainide - -
9 2007, Dacarett [15] Brugada pattern Normal - Procainamide - -
10 2008, Baranchuk [16] Ventricular fibrillation - - Defibrillation Amiodarone -
11 2009, Sanchez-Lazaro [17] Ventricular tachycardia Normal ejection fraction Moderate pericardial effusion 40% lesion in the mid-LAD and 100% lesion in the distal LAD - - -
12 2009, Sattout [18] Asystole, Ventricular tachycardia - - Defibrillation - -
13 2011, Fernandez-Fernandez [19] Asystole, ventricular fibrillation - - - - -
14 2012, Ramero-Punche [20] Brugada pattern, frequent ventricular premature complexes - - - - -
15 2012, Diffley [21] Ventricular tachycardia Normal Normal coronaries Cardioversion - Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
16 2013, Menahem [22] Incomplete right bundle branch block pattern, asystole, ectopic atrial tachycardia Normal - - - -
17 2013, Kouzam [23] Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia Normal ejection fraction Abnormal left ventricular filling pattern Trace mitral regurgitation Slow coronary flow in LAD (TIMI II) and RCA (TIMI II-III) - Metoprolol -
18 2014, Hartung [24] Ventricular fibrillation - - Defibrillation - -
19 2014, Hartung [24] Sudden cardiac death - - - - -
20 2014, Singh [25] Atrial fibrillation Normal except for The size of the right ventricle was reported to be 1.5 cm, and the estimated right ventricle systolic pressure was 32 mm Hg - Cardioversion -
21 2016, Brancheau[26] Asystole /sinus arrest Normal - - - Permanent pacemaker implantation
22 2016, Valle-Alonzo [27] Brugada pattern Normal - Flecainide - -
23 2016, Orsini [28] Ventricular fibrillation Left ventricular ejection fraction 20%, global hypokinesia, septal akinesia - Defibrillation - -
24 2017, Yalsin [29] J waves (type III pattern) - - - - -
25 2017, Yalsin [29] J waves (type II pattern) - - - - -
26 2017, Doctorian [30] Ventricular fibrillation, Brugada pattern Normal Normal coronaries - Quinidine Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
27 2018, Theetha Kariyanna [31] Brugada pattern Normal - - - -