Natural Product/ bioactive compounds | Estrogenic activity | Angiogenic bioactivity | CYP interference |
Aloe/antraquinones and β-sitosterol | No data | Angiogenic/Antiangiogenic [23,24] | Inhibitor CYP 3A4, Inhibitor CYP 2A6 ⤔,* [18] |
Astragalus /isoflavones | Estrogen-like activity in Caucasians/antiestrogenic for Asians [14] | Angiogenic [24] | No data |
Angelica | | Angiogenic [24] | |
Black cohosh/isoflavones and caffeic derivative acids | Estrogen-like activity in Caucasians Antiestrogenic for Asians [10,14] | | Small inhibitory effect on CYP2D6;possible inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 [25] |
Coriolus versicolor | No data | Antiangiogenic [24] | Inhibitor CYP 3A4 ⤔ [26] |
Curcuma | No data | Anti-angiogenic ⤔ [27] | Inhibits CYP 1A2, 3A4, CYP 2C9 and 2D6 ⤔ [27], Induces CYP 2A6 [28] |
Echinacea | No data | | Inhibits CYP3A4 [22,29] |
Geranium | No data | | Inhibits CYP 3A4 [19] |
Ginger | No data | Anti-angiogenic [24],dose-dependent [30,31] | Inhibits CYP 3A4 ⤔ [30] |
Panax ginseng | No data (hormonal activity does not involve estrogen receptors) | Angiogenic [24] | Inhibits CYP 3A4 and CYP2D6 ⤔ [32] |
Green tea | No data | Anti-angiogenic[33] | inhibited P-gp-mediated efflux activity, inhibited CYP2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 ⤔[34] |
Licorice root | Hormonal activity | Anti-angiogenic [24,35] | Inhibits CYP3A4 ⤔ [36] Weak Inhibitor of CYP2D6 ⤔ [36] |
Reichi | No data | Anti-angiogenic [24] | Inhibits CYP 3A4 [37] |
Rehmannia | | Angiogenic [21] | |
Rosemary | No data | | |
Saint John Worth | No data | | Induces CYP 3A4 * [38] |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | | Angiogenic [24] | |
Soy/isoflavones | Estrogen-like activity in Caucasians Antiestrogenic for Asians [11,14] | | Inhibits 1A2, CYP3A4 [14] |
Valeriana | | | Inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 ⤔ [39] |
Verbena | | | Inhibits CYP 3A4 ⤔ [21] |