Table 5: Effects of polyphenolic compounds from pine bark extract on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-IV in attention-deficit hyperactive disorder participants.
1Values were expressed as the mean ± SD. B: baseline, before supplementation; P: placebo, 4-week supplementation of maltodextrin and magnesium stearate; PE: 4-week supplementation of polyphenolic compounds from pine bark extract.
| B | P | PE | p value |
| B x P | B x PE | P x PE |
| Total errors (%) | 51.8 ± 4.0 | 54.0 ± 4.5 | 54.5 ± 4.4 | 0.255 | 0.085 | 0.816 |
| Perseverative responses (%) | 52.3 ± 6.2 | 57.2 ± 10.2 | 54.5 ± 6.5 | 0.193 | 0.178 | 0.482 |
| Perseverative errors (%) | 53.3 ± 5.3 | 57.4 ± 8.5 | 54.4 ± 5.8 | 0.192 | 0.351 | 0.345 |
| Non-perseverative errors (%) | 51.2 ± 5.6 | 51.9 ± 4.6 | 53.5 ± 4.9 | 0.754 | 0.331 | 0.440 |
| Conceptual level responses (%) | 51.5 ± 4.7 | 53.6 ± 4.8 | 54.2 ± 4.0 | 0.333 | 0.136 | 0.766 |