Table 1: Main chemical composition of coffee brews as a function of roasting and grinding levels.
Statistics: by the ANOVA 1-way, TSC have been not significantly different; pH and TA have been significantly different only for medium roasted coffee; AA and TPC have been significantly different for all the samples; C has been significantly different for dark regardless of the granulometry.
Roasting level | Grinding level | pH | Total Solids Content (TSC) (g d.w./mL) | Titratable acidity (TA) (mL NaOH/mL brew) | Antioxidant activity (AA) (mg Trolox/mL) | Total phenol content (TPC) (mg Gallic acid /mL | Caffeine (C) (mg/mL) |
Light | Fine | 5.5 | ± | 0.05 | 61.2 | ± | 3.1 | 2.56 | ± | 0.25 | 6.96 | ± | 0.4 | 24.21 | ± | 2.03 | 2.71 | ± | 0.04 |
Fine-Coarse | 5.6 | ± | 0.04 | 51.2 | ± | 3.3 | 1.91 | ± | 0.17 | 10.7 | ± | 0.3 | 20.00 | ± | 1.26 | 2.61 | ± | 0.03 |
Coarse | 5.6 | ± | 0.06 | 52.3 | ± | 3.8 | 1.79 | ± | 0.07 | 11.5 | ± | 0.2 | 17.3 | ± | 1.16 | 2.64 | ± | 0.02 |
Medium | Fine | 5.1 | ± | 0.06 | 63.5 | ± | 1.6 | 4.88 | ± | 0.89 | 9.76 | ± | 0.3 | 20.7 | ± | 0.73 | 2.81 | ± | 0.03 |
Fine-Coarse | 5.1 | ± | 0.02 | 55.6 | ± | 3.7 | 4.73 | ± | 0.29 | 10.7 | ± | 0.3 | 19.5 | ± | 1.35 | 2.78 | ± | 0.04 |
Coarse | 5.1 | ± | 0.06 | 52.1 | ± | 1.6 | 3.96 | ± | 0.41 | 12.1 | ± | 0.2 | 17.3 | ± | 2.48 | 2.73 | ± | 0.1 |
Dark | Fine | 5.7 | ± | 0.07 | 51 | ± | 1.8 | 2.49 | ± | 0.18 | 13.5 | ± | 0.2 | 14 | ± | 0.59 | 2.86 | ± | 0.01 |
Fine-Coarse | 5.7 | ± | 0.07 | 61.8 | ± | 2.7 | 2.82 | ± | 0.67 | 12.7 | ± | 0.2 | 15.6 | ± | 0.59 | 2.99 | ± | 0.02 |
Coarse | 5.7 | ± | 0.08 | 51 | ± | 4 | 2.41 | ± | 0.16 | 12.9 | ± | 0.1 | 14.5 | ± | 0.58 | 2.97 | ± | 0.16 |