Table 1: Characteristics and clinical data of the placebo (R) and intervention (Y) groupsin participants with ADHD1.
1Values are expressed as the mean ± SD.Data from 7 participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). *p < 0.05 compared to baseline by pair t-test.† p < 0.05 compared to R by pair t-test.AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.
| Baseline | R | Y |
| Physical measurement |
| Height (cm) | 130.6±13.3 | 131.6±13.1* | 131.4±13.3* |
| Body weight (kg) | 29.9±7.5 | 30.9±8.2* | 31.4±7.1* |
| Body mass index(kg/m2) | 17.4±2.1 | 17.6±2.2 | 18.0±1.8* |
| Liver function |
| AST (U/L) | 28.14±3.18 | 26.29±1.89 | 28.57±3.87 |
| ALT (U/L) | 15.71±3.25 | 15.14±2.48 | 18.71±3.35 |
| Bilirubin-Total (mg/dL) | 0.59±0.11 | 0.49±0.18 | 0.37±0.14 |
| Kidney function |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 12.69±3.26 | 12.69±2.98 | 13.37±3.23 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.48±0.06 | 0.49±0.09 | 0.46±0.07 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.54±1.12 | 4.63±1.12 | 4.06±0.95 |
| Sodium (meq/L) | 140.71±1.25 | 140.29±1.11 | 139.86±1.35 |
| Potassium (meq/L) | 4.53±0.37 | 4.44±0.26 | 4.71±0.25 |
| Nutritional status |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.76±0.17 | 4.89±0.25 | 4.71±0.23 |
| Lipid profile |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 57.86±26.43 | 59.00±19.74 | 66.43±36.29 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.14±16.43 | 168.57±29.44 | 165.00±22.23 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.14±9.48 | 59.71±14.42 | 60.14±12.25 |
| LDL- Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 100.43±14.74 | 100.00±23.9 | 93.57±13.04 |
| Hematology |
| WBC (10e3/μL) | 6.90±2.56 | 7.20±1.83 | 7.17±1.44 |
| RBC (10e6/μL) | 5.09±0.74 | 5.01±0.64 | 5.03±0.76 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.50±1.23 | 13.31±0.95 | 13.26±1.27 |
| Platelet (10e3/μL) | 343.86±44.7 | 378.14±35.18 | 367.00±72.94 |
| Iron status |
| Iron (μg/dL) | 118.29±40.49 | 94.86±16.64 | 72.00±23.01 |
| TIBC (μg/dL) | 374.29±35.95 | 375.14±37.94 | 376.14±29.23 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 63.33±34.49 | 48.89±23.77 | 44.94±23.36 |
| Oxidative stress |
| TBARS (μM) | 2.12±0.54 | 2.11±0.48 | 1.80±0.42*† |