| No Surgery | 25(OH)D | |
| Deficiency (%) | Reference range | |
| (ng/mL) | ||
| Tavares et al, this study | 50 | <15 |
| Fish et al18 | 84 | <30 |
| Signori et al15 | 86 | <32 |
| Stein et al16 | 65 | <20 |
| Jin et al13 | 41 | <20 |
| Gemmel et al12 | 57.7 | ≤20 |
| Goldner et al6 | 61 | ≤20 |
| Carlin et al11 | 60 | ≤20 |
| Sanchez-Hernandez et al14 | 93.8 | ≤20 |
| Ybarra et al17 | 81.3 | ≤20 |
| Ybarra et al17 | 62 | <16 |